Pike Inhaltsverzeichnis
Pike steht für: eine Stangenwaffe von Fußsoldaten, siehe Spieß; eine gemeine Figur in der Heraldik, siehe Stangenwaffe (Heraldik) · Pike (Programmiersprache). Lernen Sie die Übersetzung für 'pike' in LEOs Englisch ⇔ Deutsch Wörterbuch. Mit Flexionstabellen der verschiedenen Fälle und Zeiten ✓ Aussprache und. pike2 [paɪk] SUBST. 1. pike MILIT, HIST (weapon). Englisch-Deutsch-Übersetzungen für pike im Online-Wörterbuch seo-services-uk.eu (Deutschwörterbuch). Beispiele: [1] Die Kosaken schwangen die Piken und trieben schreiend ihre Pferde an. [1] Er diente von der Pike auf und brachte es. Diese Webseite verwendet Cookies. Durch die Nutzung der Webseite stimmen Sie der Verwendung von Cookies zu. Datenschutzinformationen OK. Sie haben. Definition, Rechtschreibung, Synonyme und Grammatik von 'Pike' auf Duden online nachschlagen. Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache.
Französisch Wörterbücher. Picke feminine Femininum f pike mattock Pike al Dialekt, dialektal Jackie Debatin. Linguee Recherchez des traductions de mots et de phrases dans des dictionnaires bilingues, fiables et exhaustifs et parcourez des milliards de traductions en ligne. Chak De India – Ein Unschlagbares Team Stream sind öfter hier? Diese Kilometer garantieren abwechslungsreichen Landschaften und ermöglichen eine Vielzahl von Aktivitäten. Rechtschreibung gestern und heute. Breithacke feminine Femininum f pike mattock dialect al Dialekt, dialektal dial. Der jährige neue "PM" hat durch seine landwirtschaftliche Lehre unter anderem auf einem. Spieker masculine Maskulinum m pike long nail dialect al Dialekt, dialektal dial. Wohin kommen die Anführungszeichen? Pike attended Badminton School in Bristol, England and began acting at the Filmography by Job Trailers and Videos.
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Although primarily a military weapon, the pike could be surprisingly effective in single combat and a number of 16th-century sources explain how it was to be used in a dueling situation; fencers of the time often practiced with and competed against each other with long staves in place of pikes.
George Silver considered the 18 feet 5. Although very long spears had been used since the dawn of organized warfare notably illustrated in art showing Sumerian and Minoan warriors and hunters , the earliest recorded use of a pike-like weapon in the tactical method described above involved the Macedonian sarissa, used by the troops of Alexander the Great 's father, Philip II of Macedon , and successive dynasties, which dominated warfare for several centuries in many countries.
After the fall of the last successor of Macedon, the pike largely fell out of use for the next or so years.
The one exception to this appears to have been in Germany, where Tacitus recorded Germanic tribesmen in the 2nd century AD as using "over-long spears".
He consistently refers to the spears used by the Germans as being "massive" and "very long" suggesting that he is describing in essence a pike.
Caesar , in his De Bello Gallico , describes the Helvetii as fighting in a tight, phalanx-like formation with spears jutting out over their shields.
Caesar was probably describing an early form of the shieldwall so popular in later times. In the Middle Ages , the principal users of the pike were urban militia troops such as the Flemings or the peasant array of the lowland Scots.
For example, the Scots used a spear formation known as the schiltron in several battles during the Wars of Scottish Independence including the Battle of Bannockburn in , and the Flemings used their geldon long spear to absorb the attack of French knights at the Battle of the Golden Spurs in , before other troops in the Flemish formation counterattacked the stalled knights with goedendags.
Both battles were seen by contemporaries as stunning victories of commoners over superbly equipped, mounted, military professionals, where victory was owed to the use of the pike and the brave resistance of the commoners who wielded them.
These formations were essentially immune to the attacks of mounted men-at-arms as long as the knights obligingly threw themselves on the spear wall and the foot soldiers remained steady under the morale challenge of facing a cavalry charge, but the closely packed nature of pike formations rendered them vulnerable to enemy archers and crossbowmen who could shoot them down with impunity, especially when the pikemen did not have adequate armor.
Many defeats, such as at Roosebeke and Halidon Hill , were suffered by the militia pike armies when faced by cunning foes who employed their archers and crossbowmen to thin the ranks of the pike blocks before charging in with their often dismounted men-at-arms.
Medieval pike formations tended to have better success when they operated in an aggressive fashion.
The Scots at the Battle of Stirling Bridge , for example, utilized the momentum of their charge to overrun an English army while the Englishmen were crossing a narrow bridge.
At the same time however such aggressive action required considerable tactical cohesiveness or suitable terrain to protect the vulnerable flanks of the pike formations especially from the attack of mounted man-at-arms , when these features not available Medieval militia pikes often suffered costly failures such as at Battles of Mons-en-Pevele , Cassel , Roosebeke and Othee The constant success of the Swiss mercenaries in the later period was attributed to their extreme discipline and tactical unity due to semi-professional nature, allowing a pike block to somewhat alleviate the threat presented by flanking attacks.
It was not uncommon for aggressive pike formations to be composed of dismounted men-at-arms , as at the Battle of Sempach , where the dismounted Austrian vanguard, using their lances as pikes, had some initial success against their predominantly halberd -equipped Swiss adversaries.
Dismounted Italian men-at-arms also used the same method to defeat the Swiss at the Battle of Arbedo Equally, well-armored Scottish nobles accompanied even by King James IV were recorded as forming the leading ranks of Scottish pike blocks at the Battle of Flodden , incidentally rendering the whole formation resistant to English archery.
The Swiss solved the pike's earlier problems and brought a renaissance to pike warfare in the 15th century, establishing strong training regimens to ensure they were masters of handling the Spiess the German term for "skewer" on maneuvers and in combat; they also introduced marching to drums for this purpose.
This meant that the pike blocks could rise to the attack, making them less passive and more aggressive formations, but sufficiently well trained that they could go on the defensive when attacked by cavalry.
German soldiers known as Landsknechts later adopted Swiss methods of pike handling. The Scots predominantly used shorter spears in their schiltron formation; their attempt to adopt the longer Continental pike was dropped for general use after its ineffective use led to humiliating defeat at the Battle of Flodden.
Such Swiss and Landsknecht phalanxes also contained men armed with two-handed swords, or Zweihänder , and halberdiers for close combat against both infantry and attacking cavalry.
The high military reputation of the Swiss and the Landsknechts again led to the employment of mercenary units across Europe in order to train other armies in their tactics.
These two, and others who had adopted their tactics, faced off in several wars, leading to a series of developments as a result.
These formations had great successes on the battlefield, starting with the astonishing victories of the Swiss cantons against Charles the Bold of Burgundy in the Burgundian Wars , in which the Swiss participated in and In the battles of Grandson , Morat and Nancy , the Swiss not only successfully resisted the attacks of enemy knights, as the relatively passive Scottish and Flemish infantry squares had done in the earlier Middle Ages, but also marched to the attack with great speed and in good formation, their attack columns steamrolling the Burgundian forces, sometimes with great massacre.
The deep pike attack column remained the primary form of effective infantry combat for the next forty years, and the Swabian War saw the first conflict in which both sides had large formations of well-trained pikemen.
After that war, its combatants—the Swiss thereafter generally serving as mercenaries and their Landsknecht imitators—would often face each other again in the Italian Wars , which would become in many ways the military proving ground of the Renaissance.
Pikes and long halberds were in use in ancient China from the Warring States period since the 5th century BC. Infantrymen used a variety of long polearm weapons, but the most popular was the dagger-axe , pike-like long spear, and the ji.
The dagger-axe and ji came in various lengths, from 9 to 18 feet; the weapon consisted of a thrusting spear with a slashing blade appended to it.
Dagger-axes and ji were an extremely popular weapon in various kingdoms, especially for the Qin state and Qin Dynasty , and possibly the succeeding Han Dynasty, who produced foot-long halberd and pike-like weapons, as well as 22 foot long pikes during the war against Xiongnu.
During the continuous European development of the pike, Japan experienced a parallel evolution of pole weapons. In Classical Japan , the Japanese style of warfare was generally fast-moving and aggressive, with far shallower formations than their European equivalents.
The naginata and yari were more commonly used than swords for Japanese ashigaru foot soldiers and dismounted samurai due to their greater reach.
Naginata, first used around AD, had curved sword-like blades on wooden shafts with often spiked metal counterweights. They were typically used with a slashing action and forced the introduction of shin guards as cavalry battles became more important.
Yari were spears of varying lengths; their straight blades usually had sharpened edges or protrusions from the central blade, and were fitted to a hollowed shaft with an extremely long tang.
During the later half of the 16th century in Medieval Japan , pikes used were generally 4. By this point pikemen were becoming the main forces in armies.
They formed lines, combined with arquebusiers and spearmen. Formations were generally only two or three rows deep. Trans-Atlantic armies appear to have possessed spears of pike dimensions, but in the absence for most of their existence of any cavalry threat did not develop the same traditions of massed close-order pike formations.
The rise of firearms and artillery in the 16th century made the large formations consisting entirely of pikemen vulnerable to being shot down despite their close-combat power.
The decline of the combat column of pikemen was starkly displayed at the terrible Battle of Bicocca in , for instance, where arquebusiers contributed to the heavy defeat of a force of Swiss pikemen.
In the aftermath of the Italian Wars, from the end of the 15th century to the late 16th century, most European armies adopted the use of the pike, often in conjunction with primitive firearms such as the arquebus and caliver , to form large pike and shot formations.
The quintessential example of this development was the Spanish tercio , which consisted of a large square of pikemen with small, mobile squadrons of arquebusiers moving along its perimeter, as well as traditional men-at-arms.
These three elements formed a mutually supportive combination of tactical roles: the arquebusiers harried the enemy line, the pikemen protected the arquebusiers from enemy cavalry charges, and the men-at-arms, typically armed with swords and javelins, fought off enemy pikemen when two opposing squares made contact.
The Tercio deployed smaller numbers of pikemen than the huge Swiss and Landsknecht columns, and their formation ultimately proved to be much more flexible on the battlefield.
Mixed formations of men quickly became the norm for European infantrymen, with many, but not all, seeking to imitate the Tercio; in England, a combination of billmen , longbowmen , and men-at-arms remained the norm, though this changed when the supply of yew on the island dwindled.
The percentage of men who were armed with firearms in Tercio-like formations steadily increased as firearms advanced in technology.
This advance is believed to be the demise of cavalry when in fact it revived it. In the late sixteenth into the 17th century, smaller pike formations were used, invariably defending attached musketeers, often as a central block with two sub-units of shooters, called "sleeves of shot", on either side of the pikes.
Although the cheaper and versatile infantry increasingly adopted firearms, cavalry's proportion in the army remained high.
Two musketeers for each pikeman was not the agreed mix used throughout Europe, and when in Oliver Cromwell , by then the Lord Protector , sent a contingent of the New Model Army to Flanders to support his French allies under the terms of their treaty of friendship the Treaty of Paris, he supplied regiments with equal numbers of musketeers and pikemen.
The post Restoration English Army used pikemen and by the last year of the Nine Years' War English infantry battalions fighting in the Low Countries still had two musketeers to every pikemen and fought in the now traditional style of pikemen five ranks deep in the centre, with six ranks of musketeers on each side.
According to John Kersey in , the pike was typically 14 to 16 feet 4. The late 17th century saw the decline of the pike in most European armies.
This started with the development of the plug bayonet , followed by the socket bayonet. This adds a long blade of up to 60 cm 2 feet to the end of the musket, allowing the musket to act as a pike-like weapon when held out with both hands.
Although they didn't have the full reach of pikes, bayonets were effective against cavalry charges, which used to be the main weakness of musketeer formations; pikemen were no longer needed to protect musketeers from cavalry.
Furthermore, improvements in artillery caused most European armies to abandon large formations in favor of multiple staggered lines, both to minimize casualties and to present a larger frontage for volley fire.
Thick hedges of bayonets proved to be an effective anti-cavalry solution, and improved musket firepower was now so deadly that combat was often decided by shooting alone.
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